Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit intriguing luminescent properties, rendering them valuable assets in diverse fields such as bioimaging, sensing, and therapeutics. Despite this, the potential toxicological consequences of UCNPs necessitate comprehensive investigation to ensure their safe application. This review aims to offer a systematic

In this study, we present a novel strategy for the synthesis and characterization of single-carbon nanotube nanotubes (SWCNTs) covalently attached with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4|Fe2O3|FeO). The synthesis process involves a two-step approach, first immobilizing SWCNTs onto a compatible substrate and then introducing Fe3O4 nanoparticles via a s